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Ordinary Touches Multiply
into Severe Pain for
Fibromyalgia Patients

By Eric Benjamin Lowe

The millions of Americans who suffer from fibromyalgia live with a two-edged sword: excruciating pain, accompanied by the doubts of many who dismiss it as a made-up illness invented by a troubled mind.

But researchers at the University of Florida and elsewhere are beginning to piece together clues that reveal the physical basis of the puzzling syndrome that causes severe fatigue and aches, and has defied easy diagnosis.

UF scientists have found an abnormal central nervous system reaction in those with fibromyalgia-the body magnifies ordinary repetitive stimulation into an experience of crippling pain.

"This is particularly important because it has been unclear if fibromyalgia was just an imagined illness or a real syndrome," said Dr. Roland Staud, an associate professor of medicine at UF's College of Medicine who also is affiliated with the UF Brain Institute. "We now have good evidence that shows that it's not a psychological abnormality, but that there is a neurological abnormality present."

Staud, who presented his research findings at the annual meeting of the American College of Rheumatology last November, recently was awarded a National Institutes of Health grant worth nearly $800,000 to continue his studies for the next four years. Donald Price, a UF professor of oral and maxillofacial surgery, and Charles Vierck, a UF professor of neuroscience, are collaborating on the research. Their goal is to develop a better understanding of the condition, with an eye toward improving diagnostic tests and treatments.

An estimated 3.7 million people in the United States - primarily women who are diagnosed during their 30s and 40s - have fibromyalgia, according to the NIH. A chronic illness with no known cure, its cause also is not known. Researchers have theorized that an injury to the central nervous system or an infectious agent might be responsible for triggering it in people who have inherited susceptibility. Symptoms include persistent and widespread musculoskeletal pain, fatigue and tenderness in the neck, spine, shoulders and hips.

Staud and colleagues found the central nervous system abnormality by conducting a series of repetitive stimulation tests on people with the syndrome as well as healthy research participants. The tests involved repeatedly placing warm plates on their hands and arms. The healthy participants felt the sensation but did not report it as pain.

For those with fibromyalgia, however, the sensation would magnify with each repetition into an experience of crippling and unbearable pain.

"When a sensation signal reaches the spinal cord, the signal can be omitted, changed or augmented," Staud said. "If it is augmented, then something that is innocuous, such as pressure on the skin, can then be perceived as a painful stimulus."

Jessica LeMay, one of Staud's patients, has been battling fibromyalgia since 1993. The 30-year-old Lake City resident said the pain starts in one area and usually spreads, sometimes becoming overwhelming.

"I imagine if someone had taken a baseball bat and beaten me with it, that's got to be what it feels like," she said. "Depending on the day, I'll just move out of the way if someone tries to touch me."

The pain of fibromyalgia often interferes with a person's working life.

"These are people who are diagnosed in their productive years. Many have personal or professional problems adjusting to the pain experience," Staud said. "The illness makes some people feel dysfunctional because they can't do the activities they once did."

The condition can worsen from stress and inadequate sleep, Staud said. Because living with fibromyalgia often causes stress, and pain makes sleeping difficult, a vicious cycle develops.

LeMay said many people dismiss her condition, not understanding the "huge difference" between her severe fatigue and the healthy person's occasional tiredness. "When this fatigue would come about, it's almost like a weight being dropped on you, and you can't function anymore," she said. LeMay said she is hopeful that Staud's research will lead to more effective treatment for fibromyalgia patients and better understanding by the general public.

"In our society, you either get better or you die, and fibromyalgia patients don't do that," she said. "We don't fit in the mold, so people don't know what to do with us."

Recent UF Health Science Center news releases are available at www.health.ufl.edu/hscc/index.html

Thursday, May 20, 1999 University of Florida Health Science Center and Shands HealthCare. For more information, please call 352/392-2755 or e-mail: ebl@vpha.health.ufl.edu